
Here is a summary of all the Spanish indicative tenses and their uses.
Presente Simple
We use it for habits or facts.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar:
Yo | Camino |
Tú | Caminas |
Él/Ella/Usted | Camina |
Nosotros/as | Caminamos |
(Vosotros/as) | (Camináis) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Caminan |
Examples:
Español | English |
Los lunes camino en el parque. | I walk in the park on Mondays. |
Nunca camino a mi trabajo. | I never walk to work. |
Presente Progresivo
We use it for actions that are happening at this current moment.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar (we are really conjugating estar in the present tense):
Yo | Estoy caminando |
Tú | Estás caminando |
Él/Ella/Usted | Está caminando |
Nosotros/as | Estamos caminando |
(Vosotros/as) | (Estáis caminando) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Están caminando |
Examples:
Español | English |
Estoy caminando (ahora). | I am walking (now). |
Pretérito Perfecto Simple
We use it for specific actions that happened in the past.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar:
Yo | Caminé |
Tú | Caminaste |
Él/Ella/Usted | Caminó |
Nosotros/as | Caminamos |
(Vosotros/as) | (Caminasteis) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Caminaron |
Examples:
Español | English |
Ayer caminé a mi trabajo. | I walked to work yesterday. |
Caminé mucho el viernes pasado. | I walked a lot last Friday. |
Pretérito Imperfecto
We use it for habits in the past. We also use it for “describing a scene” in the past.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar:
Yo | Caminaba |
Tú | Caminabas |
Él/Ella/Usted | Caminaba |
Nosotros/as | Caminábamos |
(Vosotros/as) | (Caminabais) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Caminaban |
Examples:
Español | English |
Antes yo caminaba cada día. | In the past, I used to walk every day. |
La gente caminaba. | People were walking. |
Futuro Simple
We use it for actions that will happen in the future.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar:
Yo | Caminaré |
Tú | Caminarás |
Él/Ella/Usted | Caminará |
Nosotros/as | Caminaremos |
(Vosotros/as) | (Caminaréis) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Caminarán |
Examples:
Español | English |
Mañana caminaré en el parque. | I will walk in the park tomorrow. / I’m going to walk in the park tomorrow. |
Perífrasis verbal de futuro “ir + a + infinitivo”
We also use it for actions that will happen in the future. When speaking, we tend to use this construction more often than the Futuro Simple.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar (we are really conjugating ir in the present tense):
Yo | Voy a caminar |
Tú | Vas a caminar |
Él/Ella/Usted | Va a caminar |
Nosotros/as | Vamos a caminar |
(Vosotros/as) | (Vais a caminar) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Van a caminar |
Examples:
Español | English |
Mañana voy a caminar en el parque. | I will walk in the park tomorrow. / I’m going to walk in the park tomorrow. |
Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto
We use it for life experience or for actions that started in the past and continue in the present.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar (we are really conjugating haber in the present tense):
Yo | He caminado |
Tú | Has caminado |
Él/Ella/Usted | Ha caminado |
Nosotros/as | Hemos caminado |
(Vosotros/as) | (Habéis caminado) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Han caminado |
Examples:
Español | English |
Nunca he caminado en este parque. | I have never walked in this park. |
He caminado todo el día, pero todavía quiero caminar más. | I have walked all day, but I still want to walk more. |
Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto
We use it for actions in the past that had been completed before another action in the past happened.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar (we are really conjugating haber in the imperfect tense):
Yo | Había caminado |
Tú | Habías caminado |
Él/Ella/Usted | Había caminado |
Nosotros/as | Habíamos caminado |
(Vosotros/as) | (Habíais caminado) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Habían caminado |
Examples:
Español | English |
Estaba muy cansado. Nunca antes había caminado tanto. | I was very tired. I had never walked that much before. |
Futuro Compuesto
We use it for actions in the future that will be completed before another action in the future happens.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar (we are really conjugating haber in the future tense):
Yo | Habré caminado |
Tú | Habrás caminado |
Él/Ella/Usted | Habrá caminado |
Nosotros/as | Habremos caminado |
(Vosotros/as) | (Habréis caminado) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Habrán caminado |
Examples:
Español | English |
En ese momento, Peter habrá caminado más que Mary. | At that moment, Peter will have walked more than Mary. |
Condicional Simple
We use it for a proposition whose validity depends on a condition.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar:
Yo | Caminaría |
Tú | Caminarías |
Él/Ella/Usted | Caminaría |
Nosotros/as | Caminaríamos |
(Vosotros/as) | (Caminaríais) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Caminarían |
Examples:
Español | English |
Nunca caminaría en este parque por la noche. | I would never walk in this park at night. |
Condicional Compuesto
We use it for imaginary situations in the past.
Here is the conjugation, for caminar (we are really conjugating haber in the conditional tense):
Yo | Habría caminado |
Tú | Habrías caminado |
Él/Ella/Usted | Habría caminado |
Nosotros/as | Habríamos caminado |
(Vosotros/as) | (Habríais caminado) |
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | Habrían caminado |
Examples:
Español | English |
Nunca habría caminado en este parque por la noche. | I would have never walked in this park at night. |